EXERCISES
Wednesday, 25 May 2011
English 3 - Modal Verbs
May
Como "could", se usa "may" para indicar posibilidades en el futuro.
- Ejemplos:
- I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later. (Llevaria un paraguas, puede llover más tarde.)
- It may be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta mañana.)
También se puede utilizar para dar permisos o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
- You may leave if you like. (Puede salir si le gusta.)
- You may use your cell phones now. (Podéis usar sus teléfonos ahora.)
Con sí o no preguntas, el uso de "may" es más educado que "can".
- Ejemplos:
- May I have a glass of water? (¿Podría tomar un vaso de agua?)
- May I leave now? (¿Podría salir ahora?)
Might
Se usa "might" para indicar posibilidades en el presente o el futuro. En estos casos, es un sinónimo de "may".
- Ejemplos:
- I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later. (Yo llevaría un paraguas, puede llover más tarde.)
- It might be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta mañana.)
Will
Como hemos visto, se utiliza "will" para formar el tiempo futuro.
También el uso de "will" significa voluntad o determinación.
- Ejemplos:
- I will help you. (Te ayudaré.)
- We will learn English. (Aprenderemos inglés.)
Se utiliza "will" en frases interrogativas para pedir por información, un favor o sobre opciones.
- Ejemplos:
- Will they find a cure for cancer? (¿Encontrarán una cura para el cáncer?)
- Will you help me move? (¿Me ayudas a mudarme?)
- Will he go to Paris by car or train? (¿Va a París en coche o el tren?).
Should
"Should" indica un obligación o recomendación. Refleja un opinión sobre lo que es correcto. Se traduce como el subjuntivo de "deber" en español.
- Ejemplos:
- I should call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
- You shouldn't work so hard. (No debería trabajar tan duro.)
- They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberían practicar más si quieren ganar el campeonato.)
Se utiliza "should" en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligación o para pedir una recomendación.
- Ejemplos:
- Should we leave a tip? (¿Deberíamos dejar una propina?)
- Should I have the steak or the chicken? (¿Debería comer el bistec o el pollo?)
- Where should they meet you? (¿Dónde deberían encontrarte?)
Must
"Must" indica una obligación, prohibición o necesidad. También puede emplearse "to have to" (tener que).
- Ejemplos:
- You must [have to] read this book, it's fantastic. (Tienes que leer este libro, es fantástico.)
- You must [have to] brush your teeth two times a day. (Tienes que cepillarte los dientes dos veces por día.)
- We must [have to] leave now or we will be late. (Tenemos que irnos ahora o llegaremos tarde.)
- You must not drink and drive. (No puedes beber y conducir.)
- When must we meet you? (¿Cuándo debemos quedar? )
También se puede usar "must" para indicar probabilidad o asumir algo.
- Ejemplos:
- John's not here. He must be sick because he never misses class. (John no esta aquí. Debe estar enfermo porque nunca pierde clases.)
- It must be difficult to learn a new language as an adult. (Debe ser difícil aprender una idioma como adulto.)
Es posible también usar "must" para preguntas retóricas.
- Ejemplos:
- Must you always be late? (¿Siempre tienes que llegar tarde?)
- Must she talk so much? (¿Tiene que hablar tanto?)
EXERCISES
http://www.curso-ingles.com/ejercicios-test-ingles/verbos-modales.php
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal3.htm
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/modalflashcds.html
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/modalmixed.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal3.htm
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/modalflashcds.html
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/modalmixed.htm
Monday, 23 May 2011
English 3 - Multi-Word Verbs
PHRASAL VERBS
They, also, can be separable: we can put the direct object between the two parts.
PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
PHRASAL - PREPOSITIONAL VERBS:
EXERCISES
http://www.englishforum.com/cgi-bin/00/interact.pl?05
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-phrasal-verbs_quiz.htm
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg1_phrasalverbs2.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/phrasal_verbs_sentences.htm
http://www.world-english.org/phrasalverbs.htm
Phrasal verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words.
Phrasal verbs are made of:
verb + adverb
Phrasal verbs can be:
- intransitive (no direct object)
- transitive (direct object)
Here are some examples of phrasal verbs:
phrasal verbs | meaning | examples | ||
direct object | ||||
intransitive phrasal verbs | get up | rise from bed | I don't like to get up. | |
break down | cease to function | He was late because his car broke down. | ||
transitive phrasal verbs | put off | postpone | We will have to put off | the meeting. |
turn down | refuse | They turned down | my offer. |
They, also, can be separable: we can put the direct object between the two parts.
PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
Prepositional verbs are made of:
verb + preposition
Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. They are unseparable ( we can not put the direct object between the two parts ). Here are some examples of prepositional verbs:
prepositional verbs | meaning | examples | |
direct object | |||
believe in | have faith in the existence of | I believe in | God. |
look after | take care of | He is looking after | the dog. |
talk about | discuss | Did you talk about | me? |
wait for | await | John is waiting for | Mary. |
PHRASAL - PREPOSITIONAL VERBS:
hrasal-prepositional verbs are made of:
verb + adverb + preposition
Look at these examples of phrasal-prepositional verbs:
phrasal-prepositional verbs | meaning | examples | |
direct object | |||
get on with | have a friendly relationship with | He doesn't get on with | his wife. |
put up with | tolerate | I won't put up with | your attitude. |
look forward to | anticipate with pleasure | I look forward to | seeing you. |
run out of | use up, exhaust | We have run out of | eggs. |
Because phrasal-prepositional verbs end with a preposition, there is always a direct object. And, like prepositional verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot be separated.
EXERCISES
http://www.englishforum.com/cgi-bin/00/interact.pl?05
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-phrasal-verbs_quiz.htm
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg1_phrasalverbs2.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/phrasal_verbs_sentences.htm
http://www.world-english.org/phrasalverbs.htm
English 3 - Past Continuous
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
- When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
- While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
- At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
- Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
- I was studying while he was making dinner.
- While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
- She was always coming to class late.
- He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
EXERCISES
English 3 - Modal Verbs - Ability, Request and Offers
COULD
El verbo 'Could' Expresa poca probabilidad o condicionalidad. Significa: podría, pude, podía, pudiera de acuerdo con el contexto: I could dance if I could practice.
I could - podría / pude / podía / pudiera
CAN
El verbo 'Can' pertenece a los verbos modales y se ubica antes del verbo principal en infinitivo. Significa 'poder'. Se utiliza para expresar habilidad, permiso.
I can - puedo
WOULD
'Would' es el pasado de will en algunos casos y verbo auxiliar en otros. Convierte en potencial al verbo que le sigue y va seguido del verbo en forma base.
El verbo modal "would" (pasado de "will") se utiliza acompañado del infinitivo "to like" para expresar ofrecimientos e invitaciones:
También se utiliza para manifestar deseos o realizar peticiones de una manera cortés:
Aparte de estos usos como verbo modal, "would" también se utiliza para formar el condicional:
Así como para formar el futuro de una acción que se desarrolla en el pasado:
EXERCISES
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.htm
http://www.aulafacil.com/Ingejerc/Lecciones/Ejerc24.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/should/exercise5.swf
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals_can_quiz.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-polite1.htm
El verbo 'Could' Expresa poca probabilidad o condicionalidad. Significa: podría, pude, podía, pudiera de acuerdo con el contexto: I could dance if I could practice.
I could - podría / pude / podía / pudiera
- I could help Ann if she only let me.
Yo podría ayudar a Ann si tan solo me dejara. - This new plan could be very risky.
Este nuevo plan podría ser muy riesgoso. - Mrs. Jones couldn't stand the smell.
La señora Jones no pudo/podría soportar el olor. - Could you open the window?
¿Pudiste/podrías abrir la ventana?
CAN
El verbo 'Can' pertenece a los verbos modales y se ubica antes del verbo principal en infinitivo. Significa 'poder'. Se utiliza para expresar habilidad, permiso.
I can - puedo
- You can sit here if you like.
Puedes sentarte aquí si quieres. - It can take longer than we thought.
(Esto) Puede tardar más de lo que pensábamos. - Can you help me with my homework?
¿Me puedes ayudar con mi tarea? - You can't tell me what to do.
No puedes decirme qué hacer
"Can" y "could" se utilizan para expresar permiso, posibilidad o habilidad. Como regla general "can" se utiliza en el presente y "could" en el pasado, pero hay ciertos matices:
a) Posibilidad / habilidad
En el presente "can" y en el pasado "could" o "was / were able".
With the new motorway you can go from Madrid to Barcelona in less than 4 hours
Ten years ago you could go from Madrid to Barcelona in 6 hours
I can play tennis
I could (was able) to play tennis when I was a child
"Could" también se utiliza con un sentido condicional, mientras que en el futuro se emplea "will be able":
If I had money I could buy a new car
In two years I will be able to speak English fluently
b) Permiso
En el presente distinguimos:
- Tener o pedir permiso: "can" tiene un sentido informal y "could"formal.I can use the company's car for my private trips (informal)
I could use the company's car for my private trips (formal)
Can I borrow your car ? (informal)
Could I borrow your car ? (formal)
- Dar permiso: se utiliza "can"; "could" únicamente se emplea con un sentido condicional.
Tonight you can stay with us
If you don't find any other place, you could stay with
En el pasado se utiliza "could" y en el futuro "can".
c) Ofrecimiento
Sólo se utiliza "can".
Can I help you
WOULD
'Would' es el pasado de will en algunos casos y verbo auxiliar en otros. Convierte en potencial al verbo que le sigue y va seguido del verbo en forma base.
- Glenn would come right away.
Glenn vendría enseguida. - They would get very angry.
Ellos se enojarían mucho.. - We wouldn't spend all the money.
No gastaríamos todo el dinero - Would he give Patty a diamond ring?
¿Él le daría a Patty un anillo de diamantes?
Would you like a cup of coffee? | ¿ Te gustaría una taza de café ? |
I would like to be rich. | Me gustaría ser rico |
If it didn't rain, we would go to the beach. | Si no lloviera, iríamos a la playa |
Así como para formar el futuro de una acción que se desarrolla en el pasado:
He said that he would buy the tickets. | El dijo que él compraría las entradas |
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.htm
http://www.aulafacil.com/Ingejerc/Lecciones/Ejerc24.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/should/exercise5.swf
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals_can_quiz.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-polite1.htm
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